Review Of Related Literature

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

WHAT IS REVIEW OF RELATED

A review is an evaluation of a publication, service, or company such as a movie (a movie review), video game (video game review), musical composition (music review of a composition or recording), book (book review); a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event or performance, such as a live music concert, play, musical theater show, dance show, or art exhibition. Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work; etymologically the term derives from Latin litaritura/litteratura "writing formed with letters", although some definitions include spoken or sung texts. (Wikipedia)

A literature review is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to your selected area of study. The review should describe, summarise, evaluate and clarify this literature.  It should give a theoretical base for the research and help you (the author) determine the nature of your research. Works which are irrelevant should be discarded and those which are peripheral should be looked at critically.

A literature review is more than the search for information, and goes beyond being a descriptive annotated bibliography. All works included in the review must be read, evaluated and analysed (which you would do for an annotated bibliography), but relationships between the literature must also be identified and articulated, in relation to your field of research.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The purpose of review of related literature are:

·         It gives direction to the researcher on how he will create his own conceptual framework.

·         It allows the researcher to browse several kinds of research designs, sampling techniques, statistical procedures, questionnaires and processes of presenting, analyzing , and interpreting data, from where he could base his own choice for his paper.

·         It gives a picture of a comparative analysis between variables used in reviewed materials and those used in the current study.

·         It gives direction to the researcher on how he will create his own conceptual framework.

·         It allows the researcher to browse several kinds of research designs, sampling techniques, statistical procedures, questionnaires and processes of presenting, analyzing , and interpreting data, from where he could base his own choice for his paper.

·         It gives a picture of a comparative analysis between variables used in reviewed materials and those used in the current study.

SOURCE OF LITERATURE

The term sources refer to print, electronic or visual materials necessary for your research. Sources are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary.

1.      Primary sources

Definition:  Primary sources are original materials. They are from the time period involved and have not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation. Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based. They are usually the first formal appearance of results in physical, print or electronic format. They present original thinking, report a discovery, or share new information.

Note: The definition of a primary source may vary depending upon the discipline or context.

Examples include:

·         Artifacts (e.g. coins, plant specimens, fossils, furniture, tools, clothing, all from the time under study);

·         Audio recordings (e.g. radio programs)

·         Diaries;

·         Internet communications on email, listservs;

·         Interviews (e.g., oral histories, telephone, e-mail);

·         Journal articles published in peer-reviewed publications;

·         Letters;

·         Newspaper articles written at the time;

·         Original Documents (i.e. birth certificate, will, marriage license, trial transcript);

·         Patents;

·         Photographs

·         Proceedings of Meetings, conferences and symposia;

·         Records of organizations, government agencies (e.g. annual report, treaty, constitution, government document);

·         Speeches;

·         Survey Research (e.g., market surveys, public opinion polls);

·         Video recordings (e.g. television programs);

·         Works of art, architecture, literature, and music (e.g., paintings, sculptures, musical scores, buildings, novels, poems).

·         Web site.

2.      Secondary sources

Definition:  Secondary sources are less easily defined than primary sources. Generally, they are accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are interpretations and evaluations of primary sources. Secondary sources are not evidence, but rather commentary on and discussion of evidence. However, what some define as a secondary source, others define as a tertiary source. Context is everything.

Note: The definition of a secondary source may vary depending upon the discipline or context.

Examples include:

·         Bibliographies (also considered tertiary);

·         Biographical works;

·         Commentaries, criticisms;

·         Dictionaries, Encyclopedias (also considered tertiary);

·         Histories;

·         Journal articles (depending on the disciple can be primary);

·         Magazine and newspaper articles (this distinction varies by discipline);

·         Monographs, other than fiction and autobiography;

·         Textbooks (also considered tertiary);

·         Web site (also considered primary).

3.      Tertiary sources

Definition: Tertiary sources consist of information which is a distillation and collection of primary and secondary sources.

Examples include:

·         Almanacs;

·         Bibliographies (also considered secondary);

·         Chronologies;

·         Dictionaries and Encyclopedias (also considered secondary);

·         Directories;

·         Fact books;

·         Guidebooks;

·         Indexes, abstracts, bibliographies used to locate primary and secondary sources;

·         Manuals;

·         Textbooks (also be secondary).

IMPORTANCE OF CITING SOURCES

Citing sources is a form of professional courtesy and responsibility. One must give credit when credit is due. Thus, when using another person's words or ideas, citing that person is imperative. Plagiarism is a serious offense and can result in severe punishments for students and scholars alike. For students, punishments for plagiarism can vary from a bad grade to getting expelled from a learning institution. For scholars, punishments for plagiarism include losing one's integrity and being banished from one's profession.

It is also important to cite sources because it strengthens the credibility of your work. By considering the ideas and opinions of others in forming your own, your work is not only comprehensive but convincing as well.

Furthermore, it is extremely important to cite your sources correctly. When sources are cited correctly, others can easily locate the materials you used for your research. Additionally, if sources are not cited correctly you can be accused of plagiarism.

Article Source:

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